I’ve recently been enthralled by Turning Point: The Bomb and The Cold War, a Netflix documentary series.
This nine-parter covers a period running from the nuclear-fuelled conclusion to World War II through to the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The series was good enough to bring new realisations and perspectives to my understanding of the 20th century. The ways in which history repeats itself – imperialism, misjudgements, sheer dumb luck – are manifest throughout, the past echoes into the present.
And watching the series I was particularly drawn back to one moment in my own history: walking across Red Square in 1996, a simple action, but one that felt monumental at the time.
Let me go back a little. The first place I wanted to visit in Europe was Berlin. At school, I’d studied German – the language intermingled with a little history – of which Berlin had plenty in the 20th century – and subsequently had been inspired by U2’s Achtung Baby, recorded at Hansa Studios. That album led me to discover other recordings made in the city, either side of the Wall crumbling, each reflecting a kind of Teutonic tension. And so grew my fascination with the German capital. (As an aside, the day the Berlin wall, Die Mauer, came down, I was in the throes of my final university exams, scrambling to pass, and so its fall barely registered with me.)
After a few other distractions, in a chilly November 1994, I found my way to the former divided city. The Wall was disappearing, but the city’s history throughout the century was very visible in its ruins and checkpoints – and new development. For me it was a touch of the former Eastern bloc.
18 months later, in April 1996, came another opportunity to visit the Communist world. I joined a small group of friends on a trip to Moscow.

Now Berlin, divided as it was, had bad guys and good guys, and through my studies was familiar, comfortable even.
Moscow was something different altogether. Moscow was the capital of the USSR, and in turn the headquarters of the evil that was communism, the blight of the western world, forever threatening the west with nuclear weapons. Right?
Watching the news in the ‘80s – blurry colour television in the living room – often brought to life this chilling threat to our beliefs, to our very future.
And the Cold War was never more dramatic than in the scenes of the May Day Parades: marching military men crossing the capital’s Red Square in perfect synchronisation; tanks and lumbering missile launchers followed wielding their muscle. (Youtube has some of this for you to watch – try this one.) These parades seemed surely designed to scare us, the west.
The Netflix documentary reminded me that the early to mid 1980s saw the Cold War reach another peak; earlier agreements about disarmament had been made irrelevant by a new era of proliferation. Nuclear deterrents were in. (It turns out there were several close calls in this era. One side or the other was on the cusp of releasing their arsenal, in response to some misinterpreted threat – clouds one time, a faulty component another. Such small margins.)
The government-driven anti-communist propaganda of the ‘50s and ‘60s now had more contemporary media counterparts that warned of the impact of nuclear impact. Among others, the television film The Day After created a sensation in the US, while Nena’s 99 Luftballons – a speculation of what might result from balloons drifting across to suspicious East Germany might trigger – became a number one. Midnight Oil released Red Sails in the Sunset, with a cover graphically depicting how Sydney Harbour might look after the bomb. There was fear. And even 15,000 km distant in Geelong I could feel it as I saw those missiles cruising across Red Square.
I had only the simplest grasp of communism, recognising it as the opposite of democracy, no more. But what was easy to understand was that the Soviet Union was on the other side and so those missiles would be turned nowhere but towards us. Moscow was not the most geographically distant, but no city felt further away emotionally.
So to arrive in newly democratic Moscow as a welcomed tourist (a welcome required an invitation to elicit a visa) represented a vast change in course. In one way, it was liberating, in another, it was sheer relief that those weapons had been put away. There remained a little suspicion, too, in the way that we fear any former foe. Yet there I was, standing freely in Red Square. For the first time in my life I could really feel history had been changed, and for the better.

Over the course of that visit, we enjoyed the Bolshoi Theatre, marvelled at the beauty of the city’s underground stations, enjoyed buskers and exchanged sunglasses with local soldiers. The city, it seemed, wasn’t all that bad.
Astonished, that’s how I felt. My mind was truly blown by the global change that had allowed me to be here.
There was one dark moment that cast a light on the burgeoning underworld of the city. Chatting over a beer in the hotel bar, we witnessed a brutal bashing. We fled to our rooms, fearful that we might be similarly targeted for witnessing this deadly event. Law and order still had a way to go.
Now since 1996, Russia has gone through numerous changes. It has become a dark power again. I’ve neither desire nor an invitation to return to Moscow in 2026. Will we see the good side of history repeat itself, astonishing me once more? One can only hope.

















